Oedipus Rex (Oedipus the King) Essay

Sophocles tells perhaps the most tragic of all tales pertaining to great families in Greece. The play is divided into three parts, namely: Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colossus, and Antigone. The plays focus on how one family experiences seemingly endless, tragic circumstances leading them to despair and anguish. There are a handful of strong characters that seem to have the courage to face these unfortunate events; however, there are also several characters that seem weak and easy prey for the tragedy. Oedipus Rex (Oedipus the King) The story revolves around Oedipus. Oedipus travels from Corinth to escape from a prophecy. He meets a group of men who fights him; he defeats and kills all of the men, except for one. A sphinx is positioned right outside the gates of Thebes. Before anybody can enter the city, the sphinx asks him to answer its riddle. The sphinx eats the men who are not able to solve its riddle. Soon, men stop attempting to come near the gates of Thebes, and its inhabitants start to face famine. (Sophocles 1) When Oedipus faces the sphinx, he solves the riddle. The sphinx kills itself and Oedipus is able to enter Thebes. He is hailed as a hero and he marries the widowed queen, Jocasta. Oedipus and Jocasta live in prosperity and have four children who grow up to be honored by the men and women of Thebes. Once their children grow of age, a revelation comes in the form of a Delphic Oracle. He tells the royal family that Oedipus is the child of Jocasta and her murdered King Laius. Jocasta kills herself after realizing the horror of what happened, and Oedipus, upon seeing the death of his wife and mother, blinds himself. Oedipus at Colonus The story begins after Oedipus has blinded himself to prevent himself from seeing the horror in his life. Thebes banishes Oedipus and he wanders with one of his daughters, Antigone. They settle in Colonus near the city of Athens and are left in peace. There are very little developments in this story as opposed to the plots of Oedipus the King and Antigone. Oedipus accepts his fate and realizes what has become of the royal family. He grows old but regains respect as a man outside of Thebes. Both Antigone and Oedipus lead a quiet life. He passes away quietly and Antigone goes back to Thebes. Antigone Oedipus’ daughter, Antigone, returns to Thebes to find his brothers fighting for the throne. Both of her brothers, Polynieces and Eteocles, are killed in their battle against each other. Eteocles is given a hero’s burial since he fights for Thebes. King Creon, the king of Thebes, orders that Polynieces should not be buried because he has defied Thebes and has fought against it. Antigone pities her brother and decides to bury him despite the pleas of her sister, Ismene. Antigone argues that she cannot possibly let Polynieces’ remains to be exposed and dishonored. She proceeds to make a burial for her brother despite the King’s orders. King Creon finds out about Antigone’s treachery and orders that she be punished – that she be put to death. The Thebans and Ismene try to convince King Creon to reconsider his punishment. He retracts his edict, but they find it futile since Antigone has already taken her own life. The Political Purpose Sophocles’ trilogy shows the dynamics of the relationships within a royal family during ancient Greece. There are a lot of responsibilities bestowed upon the members of the family that there are times during which their own happiness is taken away: they are called to choose their duty above their own lives. Antigone’s strength of character is a most admirable trait a royal has shown – she gave up her life and liberty to do the right thing. The Evolution of Prophetic Literature Sophocles shows the promise of a riveting plot and how it can be made by using prophesies as a major element in the story. He illustrates the importance of believing and following the oracles’ counsel. (Segal 129) Oracles plays very significant parts in Sophocles’ plays. There are several more works which take after the formula of this play. The Oedipus trilogy is marked as one of the stronger foundations in Prophetic Literature. Works Cited Segal, Charles. Sophocles’ tragic world: divinity, nature, society. Harvard University Press, 1998. Sophocles. The Oedipus Trilogy. Kessinger Publishing, 2004.

Do you think that Austen makes it possible to feel sympathy for Mrs. Bennet? Essay

It is my opinion that in the novel Pride and Prejudice, Austen does not make it possible to feel sympathy for Mrs. Bennet as much as feeling a certain fondness for her and her silly ways. She is a very amusing and lovable character, and this is exactly what makes her so exciting to read about. From the very beginning, Austen portrays her as a rather silly and superficial woman. Within the first chapter, she paints complete portrait of her character in jut a few lines. â€Å"She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper.† The reader, at this point, does not know quite what to make of her, until Austen declares, â€Å"when she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous† and one immediately falls in love with her. â€Å"The business of her life was to see her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news† further conveys how very superficial she is, yet somehow retains the quintessence of being extremely humorous. Mrs. Bennet is one of the principal characters that help set the feel for the entire novel. There lies a sharp contrast between Mrs. Bennet and her husband, who is â€Å"so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humor, reserve and caprice,† that he quickly loses interest in his wife after the novelty of being newlywed wears off. He subsequently found ways to amuse himself by frustrating his wife constantly. The reader always takes delight in these tiny conspiracies against Mrs. Bennet. For example, when Mrs. Bennet tried to tell her husband about a very eligible bachelor who had just moved into Netherfield, Mr. Bennet feigned disinterest to purposely aggravate her. He then declares that he shall do no such thing as paying Mr. Bingley a visit. The next day, while Mrs. Bingley laments over not having a proper chance to be introduced, and how they will never have such a golden opportunity pass their way again, Mr. Bennet stuns everyone by saying that there is no need for anyone to introduce them, for he has taken care of that himself. Mrs.’s Bennet’s reaction, subsequently, was enormously funny, and that is one of the things that arguably make her the most memorable character in the novel. Her awkward ways, however, have not spared her and her family from embarrassment. She could be rather socially awkward at times, and later Darcy goes on to tell Elizabeth that one of the many reasons her was reluctant to marry her was because of her mother’s awkward behavior around him and others. There were also times when her â€Å"meanness of understanding† could not be masked, and conversations oft turned awkward when she took offence over nothing. For example, when Darcy was speaking about how there is a greater variety of people in the city, Mrs. Bennet thought that he was slandering the village folk and claimed that they â€Å"dine with some four-and-twenty families† at Meryton. Despite all her faults, the reader falls in love with Mrs. Bennet and her â€Å"poor nerves.† Austen has maneuvered her writing flawlessly and portrays Mrs. Bennet’s character beautifully. She is one of the most entertaining characters of Austen’s novel; there is no need to feel sympathy for her, as she is a very superficial woman who does not reflect too deeply on her feelings.

My favorite things Essay

It is often said that the best things in life are free, I, for one, fully agree with the statement. To me, “best” does not imply the most beautiful or glamorous, or the most indulgent or heavenly, but it is those things which I held to be the most valuable and precious in my life. Most people would choose to write about their role model (usually their mother), or the sunset, or even the rain. Some would write about food, others about clothes. I, on the other hand, have “favourite” things of a very different kind. It might sound strange, but my favourite things are: my eyes, my nose, my mouth, my ears, and my hands. Although they are nothing out of the ordinary (no unfortunately I havenÂ’t been blessed with aquamarine eyes, or perfectly pouting lips), these features are my favourite things because of their ability to evoke in me experience of pure, unadulterated bliss. Take my eyes, for instance. People say that oneÂ’s eyes are the window to oneÂ’s soul. Then I must have a fairly bleak, run-of-the mill type of soul, for what you will see when you look at my eyes are two dark-brown, round buttons. They do not exude any magnetism; neither do they give off an aura of mystery and melodrama. But, they have been the rolls with which I have been able to witness many a beautiful sunset. The sun spreads its mosaic of colour on the horizon, amidst wisps of drifting clouds, as hues of russet pink and violet glisten across the sapphire sky. Then, darkness tears the sky asunder, as day slips into night, providing a canvas for the vast constellation of stars that sparkle majestically, illuminated by the glow of the moon. Serenity fills my souls and soothes my mind as the magnificence and splendour of the sunset captives me. My next favourite thing is my nose, a feature that quite dominant on my visage, conspiracy exhibiting its own sense of prominence. I assume that it could serve as a rather good model to demonstrate inclined planes in a Physics practical or even gradient in Analytical Geometry. However, I hold my nose in high esteem for the many delectable scents that it allows me to smell: the subtle scent of a delicate flower that tickles the nostrils like a gentle breeze; a calming perfume that comforts my heart; a beautiful fragrance that is soft yet intense; subtle powerful, aromatic blends that  engulf the nostrils with sweet smell. Not much can be said about my mouth. Although my upper lip is a perfectly shaped CupidÂ’s bow, my lower lip seems to have natural Botox. I would also have preferred my lips to be more of a rosy-plink colour, rather than the dull mauve that they are. However, all disappointments disappear when I consider the heavenly taste of chocolate mousse that has passed through these same lips- the feeling of pleasure and contentment that engulfs my entire being as the rich taste intoxicates my sense, is unmatchable. The sensation of sweetness soaks into my taste buds, as it slowly oozes down my throat and into my oesophagus. The last of my favourite things are my hands, which are preceded by skinny elongated arms, both of which could be used rather effectively in a Geography lesson to teach the concept of a river and its many tributaries, due to the map of the deep-blue veins that run their course along the inside of my arms. Yet, this ghostly sight is forgotten when I remember the soothing feeling of a long, hot bath and the silky sensation of warm soap bubbles against my skin. All stress and tension drains away into the soapy water and my body feels rejuvenated and invigorated, the mind floating upwards like a soap bubble, into another realm. So these are my favourite “things”. Of course, they come with their own imperfection but I am nevertheless extremely grateful for hem. My favourite things bring me feelings of joy, love, and achievements, success, giving, and caring, all of which cannot be seen or even touched. They can only be felt with the heart.

Operations Management - Location Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Operations Management - Location - Essay Example It has, on the other hand, proven that a number of entrepreneurs have continued to rise as Wal-Mart continues to open new stores. Fishman (2006) claims that, States that have a vast number of Wal mart stores has nearly the same concentration of small businesses just like in states with a few of the stores. In fact, it is the states that have a number of Wal mart stores that have a high number of small businesses per capita. Nevertheless, Wal mart existences in areas have negative effects top the small business owners. After observing the effects of a number of Wal-Mart openings keenly, researchers realized a 40 percent drop in sales at nearby mass merchandise chains and also, 17 percent sales drop at the region’s supermarkets. The small businesses located in the same regions with Wal-Mart often faces huge loses or become phased out of business due to the immense Wal-Mart’s everyday low prices and also, convenient shopping. There are a number of people who think that thi nk Wal-Mart is extremely unhealthy for a region’s small business owners. Andrea Dean of the University of West Virginia claims that, Wal-Mart has not had a serious negative effect on the local small businesses as critics think. Instead, Wall-Mart has unleashed forces that have overtime changed the nature of small businesses in America in unexpected ways (Fishman, 2006). With the introduction of Wal-Mart in a number of states, the small businesses fell over. These large stores are large chain stores that create large branches everywhere. With the loss of the small local stores, the towns losses the community feeling and interaction with neighbors. In big stores like the Wal-Mart, individuals behave differently than they do in the more friendlier and family like small local businesses (Fishman, 2006). These small businesses have that warm environment that slows down the pace of living, and encourages shoppers to wander around and converse. Studies have led to the conclusion tha t a surrounding with the small businesses tend to lead to a livelier and active community than the one with significant businesses. Pros and Cons – Town Residents The existence of Wal Mart has led to high job creations to the area residents. The company being a large one, there will be numerous job opportunities for the area residents. Wal-Mart has also led to an increase in the region tax revenues. According to Fishman (2006), the chains will also provide a wide selection of products and services under a single roof than what is available on the small businesses. Wal-Mart also provides residents with lower prices for all of its products and services than the existing area small businesses. Wal-Mart also provides convenience to its customers through immediate, no cost, nearby, and convenience parking space. There are, however, cons to residents where the chains become set. There are numerous allegations that Wal-Mart is in violation of the federal and also, the state wage and labor laws that require it to pay overtime wags to its workers, which enables the company to lower its costs and also sell at lower prices (Fishman, 2006). Response of a Wal-Mart Representative A Wal-Mart representative can be influential in responding to the negative criticisms along a number of sectors. Foremost, Wal-Mart will bring increased employment to the area. The chains will provide shopping access to

GBAA Scholarship and Darden School of Business Essay

GBAA and Darden School of Business - Scholarship Essay Example Experience is considered the best teacher, but it may to be successful in certain fields including aviation industry. Therefore, the need to study management is essential. I intend to study aviation management with the help of GBAA scholarship (Barney and Hesterly 23). The scholarship will enable me to undertake further training on issues of aviation management which are essential for career development. Currently, I have training on Aviation Maintenance, which I received a license in 2013. However, aviation maintenance does not cover issues of corporate aviation function. My career objective is to become aviation manager. This cannot be achieved unless the educational background is secure and sound. This involved studying aviation management and business related degree, which will ensure that all the necessary skills are developed. However, to achieve this, I will need financial support that will facilitate the process of learning. Corporate aviation management is a scientific process with great business repercussion including massive losses in case of wrong choice. Wrong choices can be avoided if solid educational background is developed. Professional development in this field cannot be achieved easily because of the increasing financial strain. Therefore, I believe that there is need to develop effective skills through learning and positive interactions with players in the field and lecturers. The role of corporate aviation manager is broad covering a myriad of responsibilities. He supervises all phases of aviation department including flight operations, maintenance and scheduling. The understanding of the departmental functions is essential because it leads to harmony in operations. These interconnections cannot be grasped without solid educational background. Therefore, the challenges of the position are massive. In addition, communication skills are vital to instill vitality into planning

Justice Systems of the World Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Justice Systems of the World - Research Paper Example According to (Frank, 1948) the fundamentals of modern judicial systems were developed and employed in the 18th century when James Medison held a meeting with governmental officials in Philadelphia. The meeting was summoned in order to devise a system that can control the growing number of crimes at that time. In those days several sorts of courts were operating. But, they were responsible for maintaining law and order in a specific locality and therefore it was difficult for the officials to apprehend criminals who manage to cross the borders of the State against which they have committed a crime because it was somehow possible at that time that any State would not consider an act as a crime that another take as a serious offense. The above mentioned problem was solved by the meeting which constituted an integrative model of justice system that unified the crime definition and punishment standards in the majority of the States. Over time, several States in the US eliminated death sen tence and replaced it with a life sentence whereas very few of the localities retained the death penalty one of those is Florida. Important types of judicial systems are discussed as follows:- Civil Law This type of law is designed to govern trade activities in the country whereas it is supposed to minimize corruption, kickbacks and financial black mailing in a certain economy (Ramseyer & Rasmusen, 1997). The Civil law cannot send a person to death rather than it can impose imprisonment and fines on corporations and their managers. Common Law This typology of legal stature is believed to be more competent in terms of maintaining law and order because almost every nation in the world follows them. They are also considered as traditions (Rubin, 1977) which are being transferred from generation to generation. Moreover, they are effectively implemented across the world. Theological Law This stream of legal traditions is known to be developed in the light of religious teachings. The religious groups that exceedingly use these kinds of laws include Christians, Muslims and Jews (Lee, 1995). But, nowadays the religious laws are placed on back-burner and evidence based investigatio ns, convictions and punishments are presently being promoted in the global legal arena. Criminal Law This law has been designed to control and manage crimes that are committed with an intention to partially or completely destroy one’s private property. In addition, criminal law helps the State in prosecuting people with charge of murder, terrorism, domestic violence and many other crimes

Consensus on Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Consensus on Global Warming - Essay Example This has introduced some new areas of debate which require a solid scientific intervention to achieve a consensus on the issue. What is the debate? The arguments that come for, and against the human role in the rising global warmth are interesting, and both have stringent views on the issue. Attributing the global warming to human actions Al Gore (6) states, â€Å"I have learned that, beyond death and taxes, there is at least one undisputable fact: Not only those human caused global warming exists, but it is also growing more and more dangerous, and at a pace that has now made it a planetary emergency.† On the other hand, a number of scientists accept the fact that our planet is becoming warmer; negate the human role in the issue. Especially, the last one and half-century has witnessed a quick rise in earth temperatures. However, they argue that the case against human activity is not supported by the solid scientific research. Hollander (66) narrates this sentiment in these wo rds, â€Å"However, the evidence of human contribution is, at best, suggestive. Hard evidence simply doesn’t exist.† The scientific proof that the global warming is caused and aggravated by human actions is considered inadequate and flimsy by these scientists, and they attribute this hype to various political reasons and natural phenomenon. History of consensus The issue does not have a long history of controversy and initially, there was more or less a state of consensus on the human contribution in the rising temperatures of the earth. Various studies conducted in early phase were either highly appreciated or went unopposed on scientific grounds. The best criticism on these papers was based on methodologies and research approaches that were adopted to ascertain the human contribution in global warming. More importantly none of these papers challenged the consensus on the issue. Even the special panels like Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and United Nation commissions on the issue reached the consensus that human activities may have an impact on the increasing global warming. Even not a single research paper between 1993 and 2003 had opposed the crux of the theory and human role in the growth and amplification of global warming. This decade long consensus is explored in detail by the Oreskes, â€Å"Of all the papers, 75% fell into the first three categories, either explicitly or implicitly accepting the consensus view; 25% dealt with methods or paleoclimate, taking no position on current anthropogenic climate change. Remarkably, none of the papers disagreed with the consensus position.† Conclusion It is can be deduced in the light of foregone that there is a partial scientific consensus on the issue of global warming. The gradual rise in the temperature of our native planet is scientifically proven and accepted. However, the role of human activity in the creation and escalation of this calamity is debatable.   The role of carbon dioxide, methane, Carbon Monoxide in the combustion of oxygen and the hazardous impact of this interplay of gases is beyond scientific perplexity. Scientists have also consensus on the impact of greenhouse effect on our soil. Only a small number of scientists disagree with the concept that the gases and fossils of human activity are a major source of this effect. These scientists argue that human contribution is negligibly small as far the impact on the greenhouse effect and ozone layer is concerned. There are other natural

Globalization of one place Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Globalization of one place - Term Paper Example However, contemporary globalization marks a critical shift among the nations by bringing the society and its forces into greater proximity to one another. In the Tropic of Chaos, Christian Parenti sheds lights on a new dimension regarding the impact of the increased globalization in the face of climatic changes. He analyzes how the extreme weather had bred to humanitarian crisis, state failure and banditry, ultimately accumulating for a greater catastrophe among the nations. In this paper, we shall analyze the contemporary globalization of Mexico and how it has been influenced by the extreme weather changes and other external forces. Mexico has been a rapidly developing economy from the beginning of the twentieth-century, marked by its progressive changes in the economic and sociopolitical components. The economic and political significance of the country places it at a remarkable spot in the global sphere. Therefore it is important for the country to gain knowledge about the opportunities and potential drawbacks that globalization would bring into its economy. â€Å"Cutting agricultural subsidies, democratization, and giving poor countries a place at the table at trade negotiations are all steps in the right direction.† (Rivoli 256). It could be evident that globalization affects different social sectors of Mexico differently, causing economic, financial, political and environmental disturbances to the nation. The local responses, to these forces of globalization in Mexico, particularly the business and agricultural sectors, cause the major changes to its economy, consequently, facilitating or sustaining the nation’s development globally. Critics have pointed out that the contemporary globalization â€Å"puts jobs and communities at risk in the rich countries and exploits cheap labor in the poorer countries; increases threats to the environment; and undermines the foundations of democracy and social stability by subjecting national

Don't Know Much About History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Don't Know Much About History - Essay Example Nevertheless, in historical ages when American educational system was being conceptualized and developed, no one was interested to view the ideas from various schools of thought as complimentary but everyone was committed to prove that their part of the elephant is the best and they know the creature better than others. The neo-classical philosophers were of the view that schooling system should be designed with the help of their philosophy alone and that of others should be discarded. In the history of American schooling system, four distinct intellectual groups tried to influence the educational system and mechanism of the country. The first group is known as the humanistic school of thought that argued that schooling system must be designed in such a way that it should help in communication, prioritization and internalization of cultural norms and civic concepts in the mind of the next generation. The second group was in love with the novel concept of child development and conveye d that the schooling system must insure psychological and spiritual growth of students. The growth of students must be attained with the help of modifying and designing teaching and schooling according to various different needs of the students (Kliebard pp. 148). Then, another intellectual group emerged and it said that the schools must make the students learn the art and science of being a contributive human being. The focus of this group remained on the societal role of the individual in carrying forward the entire society in terms of economics, arts, and sciences. Finally, the re-constructivist approach appeared that stated that the schools are there to bring a vast scale social and political change in the community every now and then (Kliebard pp. 150). Highlights of Dinner with Philosophers from all Educational School of Thought Eliot invited Hall, Ayres and Counts to the dinner. Everyone was on time except Counts because he was busy in delivering lecture at the university and therefore, got late but rushed into the event approximately half an hour after its commencement. He apologized to everyone on the table, dragged his chair near to the host, and greeted him with warmth and respect. However, when he saw signs of annoyance on others’ faces then he seek refuge into stuffing his plate. The intellectual discussion started after the first round of wine and the host himself initiated it. He initially said that American schooling system is outdated and therefore, needs serious restructuring. He also added that he believes that the notion of ethics and civic virtue should be engraved in the students so that they should not indulge in crimes. Counts jumped into the discussion and argued that ethical standards of the society are closely related and correlated with economic outlook of the society and therefore, a man with a full belly can talk about righteousness. Ayres commented that we should classify our children into various groups in the light of th eir interests and capabilities and modify our teaching practices according to their learning needs. The discussion carried out and soon became a quarrel. The intellectual fight was interrupted by Counts when he noted that not all of the present approaches towards education are divergent but indeed, they are leading to the same objective that is human evolution. Everyone was stunned by the observation because each person was looking to

Edward EvansPritchard's contribution to anthropological theory Essay

Edward EvansPritchard's contribution to anthropological theory - Essay Example Modern anthropologists also study their home societies. Archeology: this branch, like cultural anthropology deals with the diversity in human behavior in the past. The only difference between the two being that the population in question no longer exists and hence is not physically available for observation and participation. Archeologists have to rely on artifacts, art forms and other remnants of an extinct culture in order to reconstruct history. Linguistic Anthropology: deals with the study of diversity in human language and communication methods between time periods and areas. Linguistic anthropologists analyze the development of languages over time, how contemporary languages differ, how they are related and the link between language and other aspects of a culture. Come to think of it most sciences study an aspect of humans in some way or the other. Take history, biology, chemistry, psychology, sociology and economics for example. There is an element, which sets the subject of anthropology a step aside from the rest of the sciences and that is the anthropological perspective, which consists of three components: 1. Cross -cultural or comparative: anthropology studies humans in every form of body and behavior. The entire spectrum of human aspects and comparing the aspects to one another helps analyze what is possible and necessary for humans. 2.Holistic: this component attempts to relate and correlate the parts of a culture to each other as well as to the parts of other cultures. It analyses the occurrences of combinations, relation of a particular culture to its environment and adaptations. 3.Relativistic: this perspective is the breeding ground for all existing controversies within the anthropological perspective. The idea being conveyed is that the value systems and customs pertaining to a particular culture are relative to that specific culture. In plain English, sauce for the goose may not be sauce for the gander! There is nothing such as right values and wrong values. Right and wrong is a very subjective issue, which has different interpretations and different meanings in different cultures. In dealing or communicating with other cultures we cannot automatically assume that the level of understanding is uniform between us and another individuals. It is always safer to assume that there is none. The principles of anthropology strictly guard against being judgmental of a particular culture. For example, certain practices among the locals of an area may come across as weird, amusing or even loathful to us but we must keep in mind that there might be a rational and a reasoning for any tradition to occur even though the logic might not be acceptable to our thinking. Malinowski initiative to understand " the native point of view" is the present day fundamental to socio-cultural anthropology. To understand a cultures concepts, traditions, and behaviors, we must push aside our preconceived notions about the same and take into consideration what these concepts mean to the people of a community. The emphasis on fieldwork is another aspect, which makes the subject of anthropology unique among other sciences in the sense that it involves "real time" observations. The concept of participant

The role of genetics in diabetes type 1 Research Paper

The role of genetics in diabetes type 1 - Research Paper Example These statistics indicate that the problem of diabetes is intensifying. At present, state law provides minimum coverage requirements for state-regulated health insurance policies that include treatment for diabetes. Federal law, however, does not offer an assured support for diabetes research and treatment (â€Å"Providing Diabetes†). Because of the expensive cost of treating diabetes type 1, state and federal programs must fund more medical research for diabetes treatment, in order to help children who are generally afflicted by this disease and to ensure that the high costs of treating diabetes type 1 will be lessened in the long run. Diabetes type 1 is more expensive to treat than diabetes type 2. Diabetes is â€Å"characterized by a condition where the body does not produce or properly use insulin† (â€Å"Providing Diabetes†). People need insulin to covert sugar, starches, and other foods into energy (â€Å"Providing Diabetes†). As a whole, the cost of treating diabetes reached $174 billion, including medical costs and reduced productivity (â€Å"Providing Diabetes†). Around $27 billion went to the treatment of diabetes, while $58 billion went to treat diabetes-related chronic complications (â€Å"Providing Diabetes†). $31 billion paid excess medical costs (â€Å"Providing Diabetes†). The National Changing Diabetes Program commissioned a study, which learned that the existing estimate should include the costs for undiagnosed diabetes, pre-diabetes and gestational diabetes, which will further increase the costs to $218 billion in 2007 (â€Å"Providing Diabetes†). These significant costs should be broken down further because treating diabetes type 1 is more expensive than diabetes type 2. Children and young people with diabetes type 1 have very low insulin secretion and so they become dependent on insulin shots (Loghmani 167). In â€Å"Bridling at Insulin’s Cost, States Push for Generics,† Saul interviewed people with diabetes and their

Car Accident Essay Example for Free

Car Accident Essay Peter is nice man and a hard worker, but he is careless about his wife and family, his wife Carteria take care all the housework, he has been two month did not go home , he was on a business trip, when he arrived at home, Carteria is not at home , he look at his watch , it is already seven pm, Carteria should be at home with diner really. He makes a phone call to his wife, but no one pick up. He grap a buttle of water sit on sofa turn on the TV wait his wife to come home. he is tired from the work. Eventually he fall in sleep on sofa. When he wake up it already ten am at morning and he realize Carteria has not come home. He start to worry about her, keep calling her but no one pick up the phone. It was never happen befor, he try to find any number relate to Carteria,except her number he can not find anything, all the number are about his work, what is happen to her, he start nerves. He never care about her like that. He just tell himself she is going to be ok, she may just hang out with some friend, and forget about time, because Peter is not with her all the time, maybe she just feel longly sometime. All he has to do just be patience wait. He decide to sit on sofa to release his nerves, at same time he turn on the TV, he peer at photo just on the TV stander, he never know there is a photo. The picture is he and Carteria with lovely smile on the park. A news attract his attention, it is a car accident happen on a few block a way from his home yesterday. â€Å"Oh no no no, not her† Peter say . â€Å"A 42 years old man die in the accident† he shut off the TV and say â€Å"thanks god it is not happen her† he feels so release, he take out photo album and look at it. It remind his good memory with Carteria. He has been long time did not go out with his wife. Now he think about when she come back, he going to have a trip with her. Suddenly the door is open Carteria come back, Peter stand up from sofa and walk to the door, look at her with a happy face, he wants to say happy to see you again, but he does not finish what he say, because Carteria s face looks so sad something bad happen to her and the face can tell she has been cry, the tear still on her eyes. Then Peter just say â€Å"Hi what is happen to you† he does not answer it. She just take off her shoes, â€Å"where have you been ? † Peter say, she does not even look at him and walk straight to the room lock the door. Peter can hear Carteria is crying so hard in the room. Peter has no idear what is going on. He knock the door â€Å"what is happen to you† Peter ask, she does not answer it. Peter sits beside the door, wait when she gets better come out and ask her what happen about her. How long has she cry, peter can not remember Carterian come out ,she still does not talk to peter. She gets in to the car, peter sit beside her. Carteria drive the car. Finally they arrived at a funeral, â€Å"whom funeral is that† say peter. The most of member are his family and friends. When they walk close, Peter shock by the funeral. That is his own funeral, his name on the tombstone. Carteria cry again. Flash back Peter suddenly remember the car accident happen a few blocks a way from his home. It is he on his way go home hit by a car, and Carteria spend all night with him. He does not know she love him so much, but right now he has no chance to love her back.

Jane Eyre Vs Wuthering Heights

Jane Eyre Vs Wuthering Heights The Bronte sisters definitely played a major role in the English literature. They wrote in a style which is called Gothic fiction or sometimes Gothic Horror, this style is an extension of the Romantic Movement. The Bronte family had six children, Charlotte was the third child, and Emily was the fifth child in the family of Bronte. They novels were admitted as sensational and now they count as a part of the English Classicism Literature. Jane Eyre is the most famous novel of Charlotte Bronte and one of the most famous novels in Great Britain. The novel reflects perfectly the fundamental relationships of the society of that time in Great Britain. Passion, search for love and family, differences between social classes and role of the women in society of that time, all is included. Wuthering Heights is Emilys Bronte only novel, which tells about passions which can rise in the heart of lovers, about how circumstances may change the way of life and what is most important, it is a portrait of womans heart. Jane Eyre is a novel written by Charlotte Bronte which was published for the first time in 1847. It tells a story about a young girl Jane, which had lost her parents in the early childhood. Because of that, she must life with her aunt and cousins, the Reeds, at the Gates head Hall. They treat this innocent orphan very badly. Later on, Jane finishes a religious boarding school for orphans, after that she works as a teacher for two more years, until she is eighteen years old. At eighteen she decides to leave the institution and begins to work as a governess. Her duty now is to watch after a little French girl, Adele Varens, at a country house called Thornfield. At Thornfield she meets Mr. Rochester and they both fall in love with each other. All is going well, but Mr. Rochester has some dark secrets from his past. At the day when Mr. Rochester and Jane should marry, two men arrive at the church and claim, that he is already married. Mr. Rochester tries to explain, that his wife is not mentally normal and that his father made him to marry her, because of the familys money. However, Jane refuses to listen and runs away from him. With no money for existence she almost dies, however a kind Rivers family finds her and provides a shelter for her. Later on it turns out, that Rivers siblings are actually her cousins. They live quite well, but then St. John (her cousin) offers her to marry him and travel to India as missioners. Jane almost agrees, but then one night, she sees a dream where Mr. Rochester is calling her from the void. After this strange dream, she decides to visit Thornfield. As she goes there, she finds out, that the house has been burnt to the ground, and that Mr. Rochester, while trying to save his mad wife from the fire has lost one eye, one hand and is blind. Jane now finds Mr. Rochester, he tells how hard he tried to find her and could not succeed in it. She offers her help as a housekeeper or a nurse, but deep inside she wants, that Mr. Rochester off er her to marry him. After a short period he does so, they have a quiet wedding and after several years, his vision is gradually turning back to him. Wuthering Heights is a gothic novel written by Emily Bronte and it is her only work. It was first published in 1847. The story is set in Yorkshire moors, in winter 1801 a man named Lockwood in the search of solitude rents a country house called Thrushcross Grange. Here he finds out about his landlord and neighbour, Heathcliff a man who lives in exaltation. Nelly Dean is the housekeeper of Thrushcross Grange, and Lockwood asks her to tell the story of Heathcliff. Nelly starts her story with remembering her childhood; when she worked as a young girl at Wuthering Heights as a servant girl for Earnshaws family. Once Mr. Earnshaw left his family, because of the business in Liverpool, he returns back home with an orphan boy. At first Mr. Earnshaw children, that is Hindley and Catherine hates the dark hair orphan, but soon Catherin feels love for young Heathcliff and they start to spend all their time together. However, Hindley feels nothing, but disgust and hate to Heathcliff. Later on, Mr . Earnshaws wife dies and as time is passing Mr. Earnshaw starts to prefer Heatchcliff over his own child. He even sends Hindley away to the college. Passes three more years, and death takes away Mr. Earnshaw. As Mr. Earnshaw dies, Hindley returns to Wuthering Heights from his banishment. He returns with his wife, Frances, and immediately starts his revenge on Heathcliff. Hindley forces Heathcliff to work on fields as a common worker. Catherine still feels love for Heathcliff. One day they both decide to visit Linton family, who inhabited Thrushcross Grange at that time. As they approach Thrushcross Grange, the dogs come out and Catherine is bitten by one of them. Lintons take her to their house, however Heathcliff leaves it immediately. Because of injuries, she is forced to stay at Thrushcross Grange. She stays there for almost five weeks and during that time Mrs. Linton, who feels interest for Catherine Earnshaw, teaches her how to behave properly and how to be a lady. Another thi ng is that as Catherine returns to Wuthering Heights, she is already charmed by Edgar, the son of the Linton family and her relationship with Heathcliff, becomes much more complicated. Soon, another tragedy happens in Wuthering Heights, Frances (Hindleys wife) dies when giving birth to a son. After this happens, Hindley starts to abuse alcohol and his attitude towards other people in Wuthering Heights change dramatically, and the most cruelty and rage is turned against Heathcliff. Catherine after inhabiting Lintons house for almost five weeks and meeting Edgar Linton, feels need for social status improvement and becomes engaged with Edgar. Heathcliff banishes himself from Wuthering Heights for three years. As he returns, Catherine and Edgar are already married. Heathcliff feels rage and is full of hate; moreover he has a mysterious fortune in his hands. Hindley is continuing abuse the alcohol and Heathcliff is lending money to him without any mercy, knowing that it will increase Hin dleys total debts. Hindley dies. Heathcliff buys Wuthering Heights and marries Isabella Linton, so he can become a master of Thrushcross Grange. He treats Isabella very cruelly after the marriage. Meanwhile, Catherine gives birth to a beautiful daughter, also named Catherine, and dies during the childbirth. Heathcliff feels desperate and crushed; he begs Catherine to remain on Earth and be with him. Isabella goes to London and gives birth to a son of Heathcliff and stays there. Nelly Dean serves as a nurse of Heathcliffs daughter for thirteen years at Thrushcross Grange. After thirteen years, Isabella dies and her son is forced to move to Wuthering Heights to live with his father, that is Heathcliff. After three years, young Catherine meets Hareton (Hindleys son) near the moors of Wuthering Heights. Later on she decides to visit the estate and meets a young Linton. They both begin romance in letters, however this romance is not real, Heathcliff forces Catherine to write to Linton, b ecause of hope, that she will marry him, so he could claim all rights on Thrushcross Grange. Later on Edgar falls ill and is near to death; Heathcliff steals Nelly Dean and Catherin; until Catherin agrees to marry young Linton. Soon after their marriage Edgar dies, and soon after that, the death takes away young Linton as well. Heathcliff now becomes a master of both estates. Catherine is all alone and Heathcliff makes her life in Wuthering Heights as a nightmare. At this point Nellys story ends and reaches the present moment, when Lockwood arrived. Lockwood shocked ends his visit in Thrushcross Grange and turns back to London. After the six months Lockwood decides to make a second visit. There he finds out, that Heathcliff has died one night. Also, Catherine lives and feels interest for Haerton, even though at first she made a laugh at his appearance and illiteracy. Later on Lockwood decides to visit the grave of Catherine and Heathcliff. Definitely more mysterious mood and plot is in Wuthering Heights, Jane Eyre do not show so many mysteries in its plot. However, in Jane Eyre Jane sees a dream where Mr. Rochester is calling her from the abyss, same is in Wuthering Heights also, after reading strange letters in Heathcliffs house Lockwood sees a ghost. If look at Wuthering Heights one can see that work is written according to restrictions of time, place and manner. However, if place and manner is included in this work, the restriction of time is not, because the events take more than 24 hours until the culmination of the drama. Contrary, Jane Eyre does not follow these three restrictions. As for drama, Wuthering Heights definitely outscores Jane Eyre, more events happens in the first novel, even though they are all around the estate. What is similar in both stories is happy end, if we look at Jane Eyre Mr. Rochester marries Jane, however he is invalid and his vision is damaged. In Wuthering Heights, Haerton and Catheri ne also at the end live together and plan to marry, but we cannot say that it is a happy end of the story, because so many deaths happened during the storyline. Another similarity of these two stories is their semantic similarity. During my research, I pointed out, that for both stories semantic fields would be as follows: death, marriage, family life. And for conclusion, one more similarity can be distinguished, Jane becomes an orphan and Heathcliff was brought to Wuthering Heights as also as an orphan. Conclusion Probably, if one will read at least one of the two discussed works and will like it, he will read the other offered work by Bronte family as well. Both works are rich with context, which describes the way of life during the 19th century.

Components of Kangaroo Mother Care

Components of Kangaroo Mother Care The literature search has been divided in different categories to present the effects of kangaroo mother care (KMC). After stating the organization of the paper the first section will provide the definition, history, and components of KMC. The second section will describe the Universe of Developmental Care Model and its components. The next section will reflect on the effects of KMC in maintaining the temperature of premature and LBW infants. The fourth section will present the relationship of KMC with the frequency of feeds and how this intervention assists in resolving the issues related to breast feeding; while the fifth section will present the results of KMC with respect to achieving the weight gain. The sixth section will describe the effects of KMC in reducing suspected infections and length of stay in hospital. The last section will summarize the literature review stating the purpose of the literature review. The Search Strategy The literature search was done on two search engines: Pubmed and Science Direct will be use of key terms Kangaroo mother care (KMC) and skin-to -skin (STS) the Pubmed searched resulted in 100 hits. It was further filtered by adding the terms low birth weight (LBW). Finally twenty articles were reviewed. Similarly, the database of Science Direct showed 30 relevant articles .The second step was to search database in Google Scholar. The result showed very pertinent articles, including a website of the KMC foundation. This website facilitated the researcher in searching the systemic review and origin of KMC, original articles were then searched from the reference lists of these articles. Definition, History, and Components of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is an alternative intervention for hypothermia among preterm infants by, keeping the baby close to the mothers skin (Lawn, Mwansa-Kambafwile, Horta, Barros, Cousens,2010). Dr Edgar Rey Sanabria, a pediatrician initiated the model of KMC at the Department of Health in Mobato, Colombia in 1978 Since then, KMC has been well known for provide a quality care to newborn infants especially to LBW babies in Colombia (Lawn et al.2010). A wide range of literature is available that evaluates the physiological, psychological, emotional, and developmental outcomes of KMC. However, this literature review will primarily focus on the physiological and breastfeeding outcomes of KMC in hospital. However, the secondary outcome variables like weight gain, infection and length of stay will also be presented in the this literature review.Gradually this model was adopted by many developed countries like US, UK, and Brazil, and in 2003, WHO provided international guidelines to implement KMC. Based on the effectiveness of KMC in hospital settings, it was recommended to incorporate KMC into a package of neonatal care and not as an individual intervention (Pattinson, Woods, Greenfield, Velaphi, 2005). According to Charpak It is not alternative medicine but a scientifically sound, multilevel intervention (Charpak Ruiz-Pelaez, 2001). Though it is initiated in the hospital, it can be continued at home until rejected by the infant usu ally towards the completion of gestation at 37 weeks (Charpak Ruiz-Pelaez, 2001). Universe of Developmental Care (UDC) The model is the renewal of Als Synactive theory of neonatal development. The theoretical concept of the model is shared surface; the manifestation of the shared surface is the skin. Through the skin the linkages are created among the body organism , and the environment. The key concept of the model is that an infants skin is considered as boundary of infant where as the shared surface includes environmental influences. The impact of these influences is inter- linked with care practices and the family (Gibbins, Hoath, Coughlin, Gibbins Franck, 2008). Components of Model This model is based on infant, environment, and staff. Infant: Infant is the core component of the model, who occupies central position, as shown in model (refer fig 1.). The first circle immediate to the central position of the infant in the model represents specific physiological systems, such as: respiratory, cardiac, and nervous, hematologic, metabolic, immunological, musculoskeletal, integumentry, and gastrology system. These physiological systems are interrelated with each other and they are highly influenced by the surrounding environment. Care Practices Specific care practices behaviors are symbolized as care planets of the UDC model. There are nine care planets surrounding the physiological system which depict care giving behaviors like monitoring/assessment, feeding, positioning, infection control, safety, comfort, thermoregulation, skin care, and respiratory care (Gibbins, et al., 2008, p. 145). Family: In the UDC model family is the central focus;however, staff and institution support is required to provide effective care to the infant, for instance, for any care practice approach like provision of comfort to an extremely low birth infant. If the parental touch is been replaced in an intensive care unit with staff support and institutions policy, the care planet of comfort will not only be affected, but it may alter the other planets like sleep, positioning, safety, and like. Therefore, within the hospital environment the family is shown as very close to the infant in the UDC model, which demonstrates the natural family-infant dyads bonding. Environment: The macro-environment of the model, based on the infrastructure and physical environment such as lay -out, lighting, noise levels, units physical design, affects the shared surfaces. Moreover, interpersonal behavior and hospital culture are also considered as part of enviroment in the UDC model (Gibbins, et al., 2008, p. 145). These environmental influences can affect any of the care planets of the universal model. Due to interdependence of care planets of the UDC model, the care practice that alters any one of the care planet will automatically affect the other care planets. (Ludington, 2009). Just like the laws of solar system movement, an infant is expected to respond to the environmental influences by showing some developmental behaviors (Gibbins, et al., 2008, p. 143). Staff: The position of staff in the model is just as a protective orbit that supports family of very high risk and critical infants. The authors have emphasized the role of education and staff training in the context of UDC model in order to apply the theoretical concepts of developmental care model in clinical practices (Gibbins, et al., 2008, p. 144). Application of the Model The UDC model is applicable for infants care providing clinical approach for nurses to follow. The model captured an extensive list of nursing care, which involves holistic developmental care. Therefore, it can be easily applied as bedside practice; in addition this model provides opportunities to the nursing researchers to explore any one of the care planets and then identify its interdependence with other care planets. Since the model is based on Nightingale, environmental theory can be widely applied in nursing care practices.However, a lot of research work is needed to validate the concept of shared surfaces of the model. The literature review,so far,has not depicted any scholarly work for the application of the model to kangaroo mother care, though it is one of the essential components of the models comfort care planet ( Ludington, 2009).The intention of the current study is to apply this model to explore the physiological and developmental effects of kangaroo mother care among low birth weight and preterm infants. The application and modification of the model would be discussed in detail in chapter 3. However, the model also guided us to present the effectiveness of KMC through literature review. Thermoregulation Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) has been recognized as an effective model for thermal stability (Charpak et al., 2005; Ludington-Hoe, Nguygen, Swinth Satyshur, 2000; Cong, 2006). Due to large body surface, little fat size LBW infants are at high risk of heat loss. When this loss exceeds the ability of infant to produce heat, hypothermia develops (WHO, 1997). Infants are more susceptible to hypothermia immediately after birth, during bath or during weighing. It has been found that countries with high neonatal morbidities deaths showed higher rates of hypothermia (Kumar, Shearer, Kumar Darmstadt, 2009). Therefore, to minimize the risk of hypothermia a set of procedure has been recommended for thermal regulation of newborn infants. These procedures include warm delivery room, drying of infants body and skin-to-skin contact, breast feeding and postponing bathing and weighing of infants and keeping mother-infant together etc. In case of breaking in this warm- chain infant can be at risk of c old stress (WHO, 1997). In such cases thermal protections can be fulfilled by either keeping infant in warmer incubator or under radiant heat. The positive outcome of randomized trials among preterm has suggested the KMC as an alternative of incubators (Bergman et al., 2004; Cattaneo et al., 1998; Chwo et al., 2002; Kadam et al., 2005; Ludington-Hoe et al., 2000; Ludington-Hoe et al., 2004). The abdomen of mother due to the appropriate temperature for newborn is considered as the best means for immediate postnatal interventions (AAP AAH, 2000). It is also suggested in the guidelines of World Health Organization that skin-to-skin contacts should be continue during transfer as well as after shifting of infant in ward (WHO, 2003). The consistence findings of KMC among various trials and metaanalysis (conde, et, al, 2010), systemic review of kangaroo care (Brett, Staniszewska, Newburn, Jones, Taylor, 2011) and literature review by (Bulfone, Nazzi, Tenore, 2011) made it possible to include kangaroo care as one of the integral component of newborn care (Carlo, et al., 2010; Darmstadt et al., 2006; Kumar et al., 2008; Moore McDermott, 2004; Senarath, Fernando, Rodrigo, 2007; Tinker, Paul, Ruben, 2006), including preterm infants. Bergman et al. (2004) investigated effects of one hour dose of KMC after birth to assess the rate of hypothermia. Out of 20 LBW infants 18 maintained their temperature with KMC, whereas in control group six out of 14 infants maintained their temperature. Similarly, Cattaneoet al. (1998) assessed the KMC interventions by continuous skin-to-skin contact, day night with an average of 20 hrs /day by mothers. Researcher found 13.5 episodes of hypothermia in a sample of 100 infants in intervention group as compared to 31.5 episodes in control group. It is highly recommended from literature that staff need to be sensitize about this serious issue Kumar, et al, 2009). It has been observed that in the study settings that there are modern equipment to provide warmth to infants are available. However, space and equipment remain the limitation of any organization due to high influx of premature and LBW infants delivery. Though an infant gets thermal control in nursery setting but there is need to implement some strategies which protect high risk infants in the ward environment and mother need to educate about monitoring of infant. She should be acknowledging about its management as well. In order to compare the effects of environmental temperature and kangaroo care interventions, three groups of newborns were selected. One group was given skin-to-skin contact in prone, while another group was prone to mother chest with clothes, while third group of neonates were kept in nursery. After 90 minutes of repeated measures of temperature post birth (30-120 minutes after birth) the infants who were in skin-to-skin contact showed more variation in temperature than their counterparts. This variation was found to be related with sensory stimulation caused by mother infant skin to skin contact. Moreover, researchers have concluded that early suckling promotion also facilitated in oxytocin release which further enhanced metabolism and heat production(Bystrova et al., 2007). The literature review supports the concept of shared surface of UDC model also. The relationship between infants brain and environment is apparent through skin-to-skin contact. As parasympathetic nervous system gets stimulated which enhances peripheral circulation (Bystrova et al., 2007) and manifestation of this process is apparent through infants skin temperature. According to the recent meta-analysis of KMC, there is a significant reduction of hypothermia (Conde, 2010). Developing counties like India and Bangladesh have shown progress in implementing KMC in low and high technical settings. It can be applied for all healthy newborn >28 weeks of gestation and weight >600 grams safely (Browne, 2007). Initially preterm and LBW infants were given KMC for 24 hrs. Gradually his model was modified to intermittent kangaroo care for minimum 30 to 60 minutes (Nyqvist, 2009). The researchers found KMC effective in thermal protection even if was given for short duration (Boo Jamli, 2007). In addition to it KMC can be applied to all newborn care setting. There is no need to have a separate setting to implement this model other than privacy to practice in clinical settings. Some of the challenges identified in implementation of KMC model initially in India (Ramanathan, Paul, Deorari, Taneja, George, 2001) participated mothers showed reluctance at the initial stage to change the traditional behavior of neonatal care. Similarly, in Uganda values and beliefs of mother were challenging. As mother considered vernix as napaki and it should be removed, and infant cannot be placed on mothers abdomen before bathing (Byaruhanga, BergstrÃÆ' ¶m, Tibemanya, Nakitto, Okong, 2008). Another challenge is reluctance in modifying the newborn care policies and protocols. Despite multiple benefits of KMC, there is still a gap in application of this model (Byaruhanga et al., 2008). One Pakistani study also found cultural beliefs as barrier to provide thermal protection; mothers felt blood on newly born infant as napaki and they were not in favour of breastfeeding infant soon after birth (Aziz, Akhtar, Kaleem). This way all live healthy born infants were given bath before feeding. This behavior is considered as one of the major hazard for newborn health; this gap can be fulfilled by research evidences in our cultural context and by following the international guidelines of newborn care. Effects of KMC in Promoting Lactation Another major challenge of preterm births is ineffective breastfeeding. These infants need a great deal of struggle while attachment to mothers breasts. The epidemiological studies have provided sufficient evidences that breast feeding contributes in reducing morbidities and mortalities of infants (Heinig, 2001). It was further evident that preterm and LBW infants who received donors breast milk were at lower risk of necrotizing enterocollitis than those who fed formula feed (McGuire Anthony, 2003). A breadth of literature supports kangroo care as one of the best way to promote early attachment of infants to mother breast. A number of barriers to breast feeding among preterm infants are, immature systems, poor coordination while sucking, and difficult to keep them awake (Ludington, 2010). As a result mother does not receive sufficient stimulation from infants sucking. Therefore, infants are fed supplement milk either with spoon, gavage or bottle feeding. Since exclusive breast feeding is strongly associated with child survival (Bhutta, 2008) it is recommended that breast feeding should be initiated within an hour of birth to produce sufficient calories and to keep the infant warm (WHO, 1996). KMC has shown substantial improvement in promoting exclusive breastfeeding. The literature review has shown suckling outcome of preterm infants with KMC (WHO, 1996). Even one hour session of KMC for two weeks was found to be helpful in attachment of infants with mothers breasts. (Nyqvist et al., 2006). The researchers found increase in breast feeding rate and duration among 32 -35 weeks of gestation (Nyqvist et al ., 2006). This early attachment behavior of infants with the help of Skin-to-skin contact, stimulates sucking behavior and more oxytocin releases to produce more milk (Matthiesen, Ransjà ¶ Arvidson, Nissen, Uvnà ¤s Moberg, 2001). The experimental study on infants exposed to skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth shows that they continue to nurse more efficiently. There was a significant production of milk and weight gain (Andreson, 2004; Charpak 2001; Dewey, 2003). The literature supports KMC to achieve successful breastfeeding among 90% of infants compared to 61% in hospital (Bier et al., 1996). Moreover, infant on KMC found to be relaxed; therefore, gut is prepared by hormones to digest milk adequately. This helps again in reducing the chances of necrotizing of gut and infants gain weight, resulting in a shorter stay at the hospital(Bergman, Linley, Fawcus, 2004). In addition improve frequency and duration of breastfeeding; it is also evident from literature that mothers receive extra support for lactation from nurses while giving intervention of KMC. This support also motivates mothers to continue breastfeeding (Carfoot Moore, 2005). Due to sustained breastfeeding cholecystokinin releases more and it further stimulates parasympathetic nervous system which aids in growth and development of infants. A comparative study of three group of infants discussed in the section of thermal regulation (Bystrova et al., 2007) also support early sucking reflexes with skin-to-skin contact. A systemic review by Ahmed and Sands (2010) found eight studies to support breastfeeding outcome among preterm infants. Effects of KMC on Weight Gain As discussed earlier the preterm and LBW infants are prone to hypothermia, poor lactation, and infections during hospitalization which contribute to infants weight gain or prolonged stay in hospital just to gain weight. KMC has been found to be effective in growth of infants (Ali, 2009; Anderson, 1991; Boo, 2007; Conde, 2010; Rao, 2007). However, Charpaks study did not suggest significant difference in weight gain of infants (Charpak, 2005). On the other hand, KMC also did not show adverse effects and none of the studies found that infants with KMC intervention were failing to thrive. Thus the literature shows positive effect of KMC in terms of improving the feeding of LBW infants and weight gain. Studies among LBW infants depicts significant improvement in growth of infants, with mean weight gain of 29gms among infants Effects of KMC in prevention of Infection and length of stay reduction Recently it is evident from the literature that KMC reduces the morbidities and mortalities among infants (Lawn, 2010). Total 15 trials were reviewed and researchers found significant decrease in mortalities i.e. (RR =0.49) and morbidities which was (RR= 0.34).The scientist are predicting that by placing infants in skin-to-skin contact may improve barrier function of the skin (Abufatteh, Ludington, Burant -Visscher, 2011). The researchers found only one case of infection at the time of completion of KMC. The progress of KMC in reducing infection is also depicted in developing countries. A substantial reduction in infections among LBW Infants is demonstrated from the literature. For instance Ali in (2009) found 6.9% of sepsis in KMC group as compared to 23.2% in control group during hospitalization. In addition the research findings were consistent at follow-up; incidences of severe infections were high in control group (17.9%) as compared to (5.2%) in KMC (Ali, 2009). This impact is also associated with improvement in breastfeeding through skin-to-skin contacts. The Immunoglobulin and lactoferrin properties of human milk help in prevention of infection. (FurmanKennell, 2000). Reducing the length of stay is another goal of KMC which is highlighted by many studies from developing countries (Ali, 2009; Boo, 2007; Charpak, 2001; Ramanthan, 2001). Infants discharged 7.4 days earlier than control group (Ramanthan, 2001). Similarly, Boo found difference of nine days (Boo, 2007). This major impact is further contributing to cost-effective management. Parents of LBW and preterm infants face dual burden of complication of prematurity as well as economic constraints. Thus, KMC could be an appropriate cost-effective intervention for this population. However, it has not been explored in Pakistan to our knowledge. Therefore, keeping in mind the efficacy of KMC there is a need to implement such trial in Pakistan to fill the gap. Conclusion The literature review suggests KMC as an effective intervention to achieve thermal stability and breast feeding among LBW and preterm infants. Complications such as infections can be minimized by the help of protective environment of mothers skin contact and breastfeeding component. Thus countries with scarce resources like Pakistan can benefit from this intervention to promote the health of high risk newborns. Aziz, N., Akhtar, S., Kaleem, R. Newborn Care Practices Regarding Thermal Protection Among Slum Dwellers in Rachna Town, Lahore, Punjab. Annals of King Edward Medical University, 16(1 SI). Bergman, N. J., Linley, L. L., Fawcus, S. R. (2004). Randomized controlled trial of skin-to-skin contact from birth versus conventional incubator for physiological stabilization in 1200- to 2199-gram newborns. Acta Paediatr, 93(6), 779-785. Byaruhanga, R. N., BergstrÃÆ' ¶m, A., Tibemanya, J., Nakitto, C., Okong, P. (2008). Perceptions among post-delivery mothers of skin-to-skin contact and newborn baby care in a periurban hospital in Uganda. Midwifery, 24(2), 183-189. Bystrova, K., Matthiesen, A. S., Vorontsov, I., WidstrÃÆ' ¶m, A. M., RansjÃÆ' ¶Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Arvidson, A. B., UvnÃÆ' ¤sà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Moberg, K. (2007). Maternal axillar and breast temperature after giving birth: effects of delivery ward practices and relation to infant temperature. Birth, 34(4), 291-300. Charpak, N., Ruiz-Pelaez, J. G. (2001). A randomized, controlled trial of kangaroo mother care: results of follow-up at 1 year of corrected age. Pediatrics, 108(5), 1072. Heinig, M. J. (2001). Host defense benefits of breastfeeding for the infant: effect of breastfeeding duration and exclusivity. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 48(1), 105-123. Lawn, J. E., Mwansa-Kambafwile, J., Horta, B. L., Barros, F. C., Cousens, S. Kangaroo mother careto prevent neonatal deaths due to preterm birth complications. International journal of epidemiology, 39(suppl 1), i144. Matthiesen, A. S., Ransjà ¶ Arvidson, A. B., Nissen, E., Uvnà ¤s Moberg, K. (2001). Postpartum maternal oxytocin release by newborns: effects of infant hand massage and sucking. Birth, 28(1), 13-19. McGuire, W., Anthony, M. Y. (2003). Donor human milk versus formula for preventing necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants: systematic review. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 88(1), F11-F14. Pattinson, R., Woods, D., Greenfield, D., Velaphi, S. (2005). Improving survival rates of newborn infants in South Africa. Reproductive Health, 2(1), 1-8. Ramanathan, K., Paul, V., Deorari, A., Taneja, U., George, G. (2001). Kangaroo mother care in very low birth weight infants. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 68(11), 1019-1023.

The Old Man And The Sea Compared To Shipwrecked Sailor :: essays research papers

The Old Man and the Sea compared to â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor† In the stories, The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemmingway and â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor† by Gabriel Garcia Marques, there are so many similarities, like their losses and their love for the creatures of the sea, that it its eerie. Although, there are many similarities, there are also some differences, such as the main characters’ love for the creatures of the sea. There are more similarities in these stories than differences, in my opinion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A difference between Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea and the sailor in â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor† is their knowledge of the sea. Santiago is expressed well as a fecund and resourceful old fisherman of the sea. This is prodigiously expressed when Santiago, †Hooked a patch of yellow Gulf weed with the gaff as they passed and shook it so that the small shrimps that were in it fell onto the planking of the skiff† (Hemmingway p.98). This is the act of a very intellectual and experienced fisherman. Unlike Santiago, the sailor in â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor† is rather ignorant. Although, this is excused because the man hadn’t the experience at sea that Santiago had. His imbecility is shown when he, â€Å"Lay down at the side of the raft and took a few swallows of seawater† (Marques p.45). This was a rather fatuous action, because the salt dries the body and retains water. That action proves that he is not sea-worthy. So, Santiago i s the more experienced seaman of the two.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A similarity between The Old Man and the Sea and â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor† was their losses. In the â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor†, â€Å"The sharks had made off with my prey† (Marques p.44). This event marked the loss of the man’s food supply. It wasn’t a very crucial part of the story, because the man had earlier devoured some raw meat, which had satiated him. In The Old Man and the Sea, â€Å"He did not want to look at the fish. He knew half of him had been destroyed† (Hemmingway p.144). This was a very similar method of loss, which the shipwrecked sailor had faced. This was a tragic loss and abasement to both Santiago and his pride. He was tenacious and worked so hard to obtain the fish, only to have it taken away by sharks. The old man lost the fish, even though he fought valiantly to fend off the attacking sharks.

Cocaine Essay -- Essays Papers

Cocaine First of all this research paper will examine the history of cocaine, answer exactly who used it, effects of the drug and its addictive nature. People choose to write about cocaine so that others can clearly see and understand its historical origins and dangerous properties. Those who experiment with drugs should become aware of their dangerous effects and take caution. The more people that become knowledgeable about cocaine, the more they can protect themselves from seriously endangering themselves. Cocaine users that are seriously dependent on the drug can seek treatment and rehabilitate. Most cocaine users do not realize they have a problem until it becomes too late. Much like the alcoholic, a cocaine dependent’s body has accepted the drug and is used to it being in the body’s system. When the body needs it, and the user does not have it, withdrawal takes place. In this case, a long, gradual process of lessening the dosage is the only route for success. Experiments were conducted involving the effects of crack cocaine on case studies in Toronto. It is important that people monitor and stay knowledgeable about cocaine, â€Å"as medical experiments done at the turn of the century lacked today’s sophistication† (Karch A Brief History of Cocaine 11). These case studies are crucial to research if we are to fully understand the drug, its effects and its addictive nature. We can also observe from a safe pedestal the effect it has on society as a whole. This information was never really made public in the past, because researchers did not know much about the drug to begin with. In Toronto, â€Å"a core premise of media and law enforcement claims of an epidemic is that crack’s quick and intense high quickly leads to com... ...rt moment, their problems disappear. In the article, â€Å"Resisting Cocaine’s Tragic Lure† by Farrington, a recovering cocaine addict said it best by exclaiming, â€Å"I was always looking for the answer to the question ‘How can I feel better?’†¦it never occurred to me I could do that on my own [without drugs].† Work Cited Karch, Steven B. The Pathology of Drug Abuse. Boca Raton, FL: CBC Press, 1993. Karch, Steven B. A Brief History of Cocaine. Boca Raton, FL: CBC Press, 2000. Erickson, Pat.,et al. The Steel Drug. New York: Lexington Books, 1987. Farrington, Jan. â€Å"Resisting Cocaine’s Tragic Lure.† Current Health 25.6 (1999): 6-13. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Roesch Library, Dayton. 14 Oct. 2002. Carpenter, S. â€Å"Cocaine Use Boosts Heart- Attack Risk.† Science News 155.23 (1999): 356. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Roesch Library, Dayton. 14 Oct. 2002 Cocaine Essay -- Essays Papers Cocaine First of all this research paper will examine the history of cocaine, answer exactly who used it, effects of the drug and its addictive nature. People choose to write about cocaine so that others can clearly see and understand its historical origins and dangerous properties. Those who experiment with drugs should become aware of their dangerous effects and take caution. The more people that become knowledgeable about cocaine, the more they can protect themselves from seriously endangering themselves. Cocaine users that are seriously dependent on the drug can seek treatment and rehabilitate. Most cocaine users do not realize they have a problem until it becomes too late. Much like the alcoholic, a cocaine dependent’s body has accepted the drug and is used to it being in the body’s system. When the body needs it, and the user does not have it, withdrawal takes place. In this case, a long, gradual process of lessening the dosage is the only route for success. Experiments were conducted involving the effects of crack cocaine on case studies in Toronto. It is important that people monitor and stay knowledgeable about cocaine, â€Å"as medical experiments done at the turn of the century lacked today’s sophistication† (Karch A Brief History of Cocaine 11). These case studies are crucial to research if we are to fully understand the drug, its effects and its addictive nature. We can also observe from a safe pedestal the effect it has on society as a whole. This information was never really made public in the past, because researchers did not know much about the drug to begin with. In Toronto, â€Å"a core premise of media and law enforcement claims of an epidemic is that crack’s quick and intense high quickly leads to com... ...rt moment, their problems disappear. In the article, â€Å"Resisting Cocaine’s Tragic Lure† by Farrington, a recovering cocaine addict said it best by exclaiming, â€Å"I was always looking for the answer to the question ‘How can I feel better?’†¦it never occurred to me I could do that on my own [without drugs].† Work Cited Karch, Steven B. The Pathology of Drug Abuse. Boca Raton, FL: CBC Press, 1993. Karch, Steven B. A Brief History of Cocaine. Boca Raton, FL: CBC Press, 2000. Erickson, Pat.,et al. The Steel Drug. New York: Lexington Books, 1987. Farrington, Jan. â€Å"Resisting Cocaine’s Tragic Lure.† Current Health 25.6 (1999): 6-13. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Roesch Library, Dayton. 14 Oct. 2002. Carpenter, S. â€Å"Cocaine Use Boosts Heart- Attack Risk.† Science News 155.23 (1999): 356. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Roesch Library, Dayton. 14 Oct. 2002

Hill Country snack food Co. Case Essay

Hill Country’s operating strategy and its impact on business risk & financial strategy The operating strategy is to produce high quality products through efficient, low-cost and aggressive operation as well as singular management. In detail, the company provides several kinds of snacks to satisfy different type’s customers. The company expands its presence into sporting events, movie theaters and other leisure events to attract customers. An efficient and low-cost operation is achieved by strong control of budgets and costs. Customers are satisfied by companies’ quick react to their requirements or preferences and reinvent and expand its products, showing the efficient management for the customer requirement. Also, all decisions are made in order to build shareholders’ value, indicating singular management. For the business risk, the snack foods industry was very competitive, facing off against competitors like PepsiCo and Snyder’s-Lance very day. In this high rivalry industry, company could not succeed by price increase. And unfavourable cost due to both internal and external factors is not easy to control. In order to control the business risk, the company is actively involved in the budget approval process, and the operating strategy has very important part to keep the costs under control. For the financial risk, the more debt financed the higher financial risk it is. The company’s risk avoidance strategy is manifested in its financing decision. The company is managed in preference for equity finance and against debt finance, investments are funded internally. The optimal capital structure for Hill Country The optimal capital structure is the capital structure at which the market value is maximised and the cost of capital is minimised. There are 3 alternative capital structures from pro forma 2011 financial information. If Hill take 60% debt to capital ratio, the company repurchases the most of the shares comparing with 20% and 40% debt to capital ratio structure, the debt would be B rated with highest interest rate of 7.7%, reflecting the higher risk. The net income would drop to $76M, however, the tax would reduce by around $12M, but the interest expense increases to $33.5M, there is big gap between them. In terms of the 20% debt to capital ratio one, the debt is  rated at AAA with 2.85% interest rate, the tax and interest both decreases and increases slightly, the EPS and dividend per share in 20% and 60% are less than which in 40% scenario. Regarding to the 40% debt to capital structure, the debt is rated at BBB with 4.4% interest rate. Also, the interest coverage ratio is strong(11.8). The very important part is that even the net income reduces by 8.5%, the EPS and dividend per share, are both the highest compared with 20% and 60% scenarios, thus adding value to the shareholders. In addition, it allows the firm not to be over leveraged, which is in favor of the firm that it does not want to have too much debts. The financial risk is the highest in the 60% scenario since the shareholders have the highest financial leverage(facing bankruptcy). According to the calculation(appendix), the highest value of the firm is $2482M under 40% debt scenario compared with 20% and 60% debt scenarios, thus maximizing the firm value. Therefore 40% debt to capital structure is recommended. Benefits of debt financing Debt financing allows control of business. Owner can made decision and does not need consider shareholders or investors. * Debt is tax-deductible. This means that it shields part of business income from taxes and lowers the tax liability. * The lender do not share the profits. Business only need to make repayment. * Debt is less expensive than equity due to its contractual nature and priority claim How large the benefits are depending on the magnitude of the tax benefit numbers, the benefits that reallocated to investors and whether the costs of debt that are less than the benefits from debts. Changes the capital structure? It is recommended that Hill Country to change the capital structure. The capital structure is too conservative, having negative impact on financial performance measures. Hill Country has excessive liquidity, and the interest rate is quite low, it is good opportunity to involve debts. The impacts of the change would be the increase in debt and decrease in equity. The company can get advantage of debts as mentioned before, it is aggressive growth strategy. And the financial ratios such as ROE, ROA, EPS, dividend per share as well as the value of firm would improve. Also, the repurchase of the shares will result in the increase in the share price. However, most lenders  provide severe penalties for late or missed payments, which may include charging late fees, taking possession of collateral, or calling the loan due early. Failure to make payments on a loan, even temporarily, can adversely affect a small business’s credit rating and its ability to obtain future financing. Debt financing is also borrowing against future earnings. This means that instead of using all future profits to grow the business or to pay owners, the firm has to allocate a portion to debt payments. Also, debt can limit future cash flow and growth, decreasing in equity could lead to higher debt-to-equity ratio. Alternatives to increase debt/decrease equity Instead of issuing debt, the firm can borrow debt from banks to increase debt. In order to reduce equity, another method is to rewards its investors by distributing a portion of its profits in the form of cash dividends. Since the cumulative earnings of a company are reported within the balance sheet equity account â€Å"retained earnings,† cash dividends are shown on the company’s financial statements as a direct reduction of the account. In addition, Increase expenses can bring the same effect. Depreciation is an operating expense that allows a business to allocate or spread the costs of its assets over the length of their useful life. The use of an accelerated depreciation method results in a higher depreciation expense during the asset’s earlier years of service, resulting in a lower net income and equity balance during this time. Conclusion and Recommendation Due to the strong cash balance and high liquidity of the firm, it is recommended that Hill Country to take 40% debt to capital finance with respect to the several benefits with the debt financing to increase the firm value. Also, the firm can consider the alternative ways to change the capital structure. Appendix NOPAT=EBIT(1-tax) tax rate=35.5% Hamada equation: Beta L=Beta U[1+(1-T)(D/E) Risk free rate(Rf)=1.8% Market interest rate(Rm)=3.8% cost of equity=Rf+ Beta L*(Rm-Rf)

Rizal in Hong Kong

Rizal in Hong Kong 19 November 1891 In the flush Rizal arrived at Hong Kong. 26 November 1891 From Hong Kong Rizal sent to Manuel Camus in Singapore 20 copies of the Fili, 6of the Morga and 4 of theNoli. He gave Camus 25 percent commission for thebooks sold. 1 declination 1891 He asked permission from his p arnts to plug intothem in Manila in their sacrifices andat the same(p) time, encouraged them to keep back a piddlingendurance. He said I havelearned of the conduct of four townmates toJolo and of the return of my brother toManila.Ihave also learnedthat mother, Pangoy andTrining, have beensummoned once again by the civil government. I am burning with desire to embraceyou. Patience, a short patience Courage 6 declination 1891 Francisco Mercado, Paciano and his brother-in-law, Silvestre Ubaldo,escapedfrom the Philippines to avoid persecution, andarrived at Hong Kong to join him. 12 celestial latitude 1891 In a earn sent to maria, one of his sisters in the Philippines, Riza l abroach hisplan of work uping aFilipino colony in labor union British Borneo. 17 December 1891On this day Governor General Despujol, offering his services andcooperation forthe common good. He precious to point to the latter the ills of terra firma in order tohelp cure the wounds of mal-administration. 27 December 1891 An article was published in the La Epoca carrying false news about Rizals stay inthe Philippines and his influence among the natives. This article carries noauthors name and was believed to have been inspiredby a Dominicanfriar. December 1891 Rizal was visited by an Augustinian friar in his house. The friar pulled his ears andwanted to besiege him.But Rizal stopped the intruder by squirmthe latters hand. 25 January 1892 The take over of his diploma in Licentiate in medication and Surgery was issued bythe Ministry of Development in Madrid. 30 January 1892 In a letter, Juan Lunafavorably endorsed Rizals plan ofestablishing a Filipinocolony in North Borneo. He wished Rizal luck and success in this project. January 1892 Everyday, after his medical practices in his clinic, he continued writing his thirdnovel. It treated wholeabout the Tagalog customs, usages,virtuesanddefects.Meanwhile, hisbrother Paciano translated the Noli into Tagalog. 1 February 1892 Rizal stipendiary thirty-five pesos (P35. 00)to D. Mallunko for the rent on the premisesof A-2 Rednaxela from January initiative to 31st. 6 February 1892 Rizal wrote a letter intercommunicateto My beloved friend and subscribe it withthe nameCabisa. 15 February 1892 The Hong Kong Telegraph published the letterof Rizalsigned Philippines inwhichhe denounced the vandalistic actions of the friarmanager of the Dominicans indestroying the houses of those who refused to accept theexorbitant rentalsdemanded of them in Calamba. 23 February 1892Rizal wrote a letter to Blumentrittin which he aware the latter ofhis plan ofemigrating to Borneo where he could establish another Calamba free from th eabuses of the friars and the civil guards. 2 March 1892 He visited Victoria send back in Hong Kong. Dr. Lorenzo Pereira Marquez whowas thephysician of the state prison come with him. People metjosemariabasa, balbinomauricioImpressionHong Kong is a small barely very cleancommercial city. many another(prenominal) Portuguese, Hindus,English, Chinese, and Jews live in it. There are also some Filipinos, the majority ofwhom organism those who had been exiled to the Mariana Islands in 1872.They arepoor, gentle, andtimid. Formerly they were large merchants, industrialists,andfinanciers. solitary(prenominal) one is a republican and continuous tense very suspicious. They pull up stakesnot return to Manila they consternation the phantoms . One is very sick and will die soon. He was a rich financier, not very well educated, merelyvery rich, who married adissolute woman. It was his fault. Now he is poor, very poor. He left the country passing Hong Kong and was welcomed byFilipino reside nts,among them, Jose Maria Basa, BalbinoMauricio, and Manuel Yriarte, the son ofthe mayor of Laguna.

Based god

close college admissions, Affirmative action really alleviates minorities and under favor Americans. It helps them pay for college and get the right training they call for for success later on in purport, which impart help the, later on in life to get better Jobs. Hand in dedicate itll help out our economy in the vast run. I can understand that some peck would say that it wouldnt be beneficial for the defer that arent from minority backgrounds and that ffirmative action is discrimination.People may say that its discrimination because the people registering students are looking if theyre for ethnicity to chaffer if they need help paying for school. But in my opinion you funds only comes in one color, and thats green. If I could shift some things about affirmative action it would be that the applicants wouldnt have to be of color or ethnicity, they would fairish have to meet the income requirements.We would check their parents annual income and see the best fit amount o f money for their situation. When psyche applies it shouldnt tell us the race of the applicant, it should Just state the income, parents in the household, and the other basic information. Race shouldnt limit others opinions.

Rich and Poor People In the 19th Century Britain

The contrastive detainmentstyles and experiences, of bounteous and miser adequate to(p) nation in the nineteenth snow Britain. The type of vivification- eon in the blue(a) propagation dep shut protrudeed on whether raft were bountiful or unforesightful. crocked passel enjoyed a dear(p) and flabby life, scarcely on the otherwise pass a yearn scurvyer pack had a unskilful and fleshy life, truly much windup up in the influence dramaturgy or advance(prenominal) d d throwh. By 1851 British ships company destroy into complaisant course of representi nonp atomic number 18ils. The gentry were justly and laden. The midsection f every last(predicate) apart, who ran the businesses, were determined and exploitation in wealth. The bulk in villages, in the t admits, operative as pop off maid in the abodes of the inscrutable were precise vile.The life of the full, stock mattered much than than bullion. A lavish luxuriate male sm totally fry had governesses and nannies, hence went to constituteence tutor such(prenominal) as Eton or Harrow, refinement his discipline at Oxford or Cambridge. Girls were educate at root word and acquiring vigilant for marriage. virtually girls went to embarkment give-up the ghost and at the end of the nineteenth ampere-second, a micro takings were able to go to university. The eldest intelligence get hold his takes render and title. In a rich family their meals w here farthest to a greater extent(prenominal) bygone they could eat and the pass off was passed on to the employers who lived on their visit. As the deoxycytidine monophosphate went on, temporalistic concourse took annual holi mean solar day.Behaviour in a veritable(prenominal) middle air division family was proper. Children spend to a greater extent or less of the quantify with the she-goat and cal lead the switch Sir. The arrives trouble was to hinderance at home and tells servan ts and tradesmen what to do. The middle-class hoexercising determine where religion, modesty, cleanliness, self-improvement and surd work. They enjoyed melodious withalings, ships boat compile, trifle collecting and the theatre. The works class lived on their employers drink down in brusque cottages. If the functional class would ever submit their employer they would curb to flow forth their adaptation and brand them dispossessed or go into workhouses.Thats why a big bucks of mass stayed in the said(prenominal) betrothal for a grand clipping. At the writer of the nineteenth degree centigrade a few(prenominal) s brush offt(p) peck veritable an breeding until the 1880 gentility scrap make original aim compulsory. penury is the state of macrocosm despicable. For the distressing around children go to work because their family call for the specie. The more race in the family who worked, the more nones they had. more than money mean more diet and bankrupt aliveness conditions. real poor plurality with no home or wrinkle lived in workhouses and families got split up. They realise their keep by doing jobs in the workhouse.The judgement was that the poor were swear tabued to nominate themselves. For to the highest degree of the race pauperism brought knock break aliment and on the job(p)(a) conditions. Millions of bulk were donjon in direful squalor. They lived in cold, damp, soberly construct houses. They where overcrowded which lead to oversp learn of disease. running(a) conditions were severe and deal got archetypal base deliver for long hours operative in factories, mines and mills. work up was hard, and heavy with flyspeck safeguard and poor working(a) conditions. great tender problems led to drink and violence. This was adventure up and down the land in the cities of Britain.During the nineteenth century pile had hefty beliefs around the causes of poverty. plenty bel ieved that it was a unmarrieds own doing that they lived in poverty, as it was callable to the own behaviour, laziness, inebriety or atrophy the money that they had. A approximatelybody should help themselves to revoke poverty and to get divulge of poverty. It was called self-help. The bordering measurement in this quiz bequeath be flavor at some stock material to nonplus come to the fore which is primal and inessential winding. primal authors argon potful in any case exist in some(prenominal) an(prenominal) copies, if they were touristy and widely uncommitted at the time that they were created. supplementary ancestrys were called secondary winding because they atomic number 18 created afterwardward pristine starting times and they a great deal use or rebuke intumesce-nigh elemental(a) coil root words. inessential get-gos can bounce supererogatory options sometimes called influence, on a past result or on the native parentage. alternat e cums often have many copies. feeling at ejaculate D This is a secondary source, as it was compose in 2001 by twee diaries in London. The daybook was compose unwittingly as the cause skirt maria Hobart did non look anyone to read her diary. likewise it is unwittingly pen, because it describes an result knocked out(p) of her life.The diary is the elementary source of the computer storage of the particular(prenominal) day and create verbally by her, produced at the time. She was in like manner truly wealthy as at that place was a maid and eighter brides distich and she was make by a sir at the church. She had a cavalry and drug dealer take her and her hubby up from church after their wedding ceremony ceremony. She was an ameliorate gentlewoman and her hands came out cheerfully to watch their marriage. on that menstruum is a rattling supportive bias and it is genuinely well scripted and precise. credit B this source is not actually reliable , as he is contraceptive of his novice and may be falsify due to his age.The give was the simply source of income that points out that this family was very poor. This is besides a primitive source as George Edwards recalls his life in this diary. The workhouse was withal a voiceless point that this family was poor. The picture parades in source F we study here are all direct images as thither were photos taken at the time. The images cover the f number and working class flavour at image one is strongly colorful as it moreover represents the focal ratio class. compass half-dozen was wittingly taken. The purpose was to show the poor. design 2 shows a child as a miner In 1842 the mines act halt working girls and boys infra 10 from work in mines.This overly represents a poor family as all the portion in a poor family had to work, even children. overly a firsthand source as it was taken at the time of the event. The close on old winding and seconda ry sources is, special sources come first hand from the source or person. Diaries would be a primary source because it is written now by the individual write in the diary. cultivation that has been stated, exclusively not go outed by others. unessential sources are sources that were written astir(predicate) primary sources. Secondary sources analyse, interpret and handle information close to primary source.

Quality Metal Service Essay

An overview of re get, acquire, receipts, and enthronisation centers represent sort in score withal holds the tryst of damages, tax incomes and responsibilities to mingled focalises or sections. These nerve centers implicate== speak to shopping malls== tax income nitty-grittys== attain meats== coronation unions salute perfumesA embody meat (CC) is a whole, localization principle or department where follow info is collected. The tendency of the represent centerfield is to collect, contemplate and define personify in its agile context. mo inter meshingary value amount of moneys ordinarily flip price twist blockswholes or equipment for which be argon definable or attri merelyable. Overheads and signal be represent the greet social brass instrument of a CC. Since many a(prenominal) activities in an plaque involve be, a personify amount is a unfathomed aspect, specially as gather and enthronization funds amount of moneys quite a little be approach nerves. agree to the ACCA submit textbook (Management accounting, c 1999), hail shopping eyes mint homely themselves as a project, a machine, department or overhead exist. oneness should musical none that a particular court reduce mogul not unavoidably eat up otherwise croaks. CCs argon not particular to output and manufacturing, since they batch managewise be attributed to help aggregates, like commercial message edge branches for example. tax receipts centersThese reduces encompass just with tax income enhancement. flat though follow may renegade from these atomic number 18as, the gross join is not credi dickensrthy for lives. Its spirit is earlier to maximise gross sales and revenue. wampum affectionThe reach stub addresses two embodys and revenue. on that pointfore, the jitney amenable for a bring in tenderness is liable for the purchases and sales for that whole, department or branch. S ince both revenue and courts go down infra the survey of the make headway focalise, it is both a constitute and revenue pump, although a revenue totality is not a mesh heart and a greet centre king not of necessity be a get ahead centre. enthronement centres investing centres be gelt centres that ar liable for cost, revenues and net as put togethers for with child(p) investing. This unit is assessed by pass along on enthronement and is a cost centre. Managers in an coronation centre argon obligated for buy crownwork or non-current assets and qualification enthronement decisions with bang-up. enthronization centres enthronement funds centres atomic number 18 pelf centres that ar responsible for cost, revenues and net assets for capital letter investiture. This unit is assessed by buffet on enthronisation and is a cost centre. Managers in an investment centre are responsible for buy capital or non-current assets and fashioning investment decisions with capital. debt instrument centres are the umbrella depot for cost, mesh, revenue and investment centres, since their consummation is infra the designate go for of a omnibus. The cost centre supposition is present in get ahead and investment centres. The wampum centre faeces be turn out merely or, with supererogatory responsibilities, an investment centre. receipts centres depart in a analogous fashion to cost and make headway centres, but their theatre directors are in customary responsible for maximising revenues and sales. An accountant need to do the opposite events of centres to meet the cultivation necessarily and requirements of the managers of the divers(a) units. function coresA right centre is an organisational subsystem charged with a exculpated armorial bearing and headed by a manager responsible for the deed of the centre. account aptitude centres demonstrate the firsthand building blocks for anxiety simpleness. I t is also the fundamental frequency unit of psychoanalysis of a figure support system. A certificate of indebtedness centre is an ecesis unit headed by a responsible manager. in that location are quad major types of responsibleness centres cost centres,revenues centres, bread centres and investment centres. speak to digestA cost centre is a accountability centre in which manager is held responsible for unconditional cost inputs. There are two general types of cost centres engineered set down centres and arbitrary spending centres. Engineered be are normally denotative as modular costs. A discretionary set down centre is a state centre whose figureary operation is ground on achieving its goals by operational at heart determine depreciate constraints set by managerial opinion or discretion. tax revenue CentreA revenue centre is a function centre whose budgetary functioning is metric mainly by its ability to take back a undertake level of revenue. avail CentreIn a profit centre, the budget measures the divergence amidst revenues and costs. enthronization CentreAn investment centre is a right centre whose budgetary mental process is base on withdraw on investment. The wasting diseases of responsibility centres weigh to a corking period on the type of physical composition mental synthesis involved. Engineered cost centres, discretionary set down centre, and revenue centres are more(prenominal) oftentimes utilise with in operation(p) geological formation designs and with the function units in a hyaloplasm design. In contrast, with a divisional organization designs, it is mathematical use profit centres because the grownup divisions in such(prenominal) a structure commonly pull in control over both the expenses and the revenues associated with profits.